| HS Code | 128100 |
| Product Name | Adfil Strux M323 (STRUX M323) |
| Brand | Adfil |
| Product Type | Synthetic Macro Fiber |
| Material | Polypropylene / Polyethylene (PP/PE) |
| Fiber Length | 32 mm |
| Equivalent Diameter | 0.8 mm |
| Aspect Ratio | 40 |
| Tensile Strength | 400 MPa |
| Elastic Modulus | 7 GPa |
| Density | 0.91 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 160 °C |
| Ignition Point | >400 °C |
| Alkali Resistance | Excellent |
| Acid Resistance | Excellent |
| Water Absorption | Nil |
| Recommended Dosage | 2–9 kg/m³ |
| Color | Natural / Grey |
| Packaging | 5 kg bags |
As an accredited Adfil Strux M323 (STRUX M323) - Synthetic Macro Fiber (PP/PE) factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Adfil Strux M323 (STRUX M323) synthetic macro fiber (PP/PE) is packaged in 10 kg moisture-resistant bags, typically 50 bags per pallet. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Adfil Strux M323 synthetic macro fibers (PP/PE) are palletized and securely loaded into a 20′ FCL container for export. |
| Shipping | Adfil Strux M323 (STRUX M323), a synthetic PP/PE macro fiber, is non-hazardous and not classified as dangerous goods for transport. It typically ships palletized in moisture-resistant bags or cartons, shrink-wrapped. Store dry, covered, away from direct sunlight. No special ventilation, segregation, or handling is required; use standard dust PPE. |
| Storage | Store Adfil Strux M323 (STRUX M323) synthetic macro fibers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse, away from direct sunlight, moisture, heat, and ignition sources. Keep original packaging closed and pallets stable to prevent damage. Avoid prolonged UV exposure and contact with strong oxidizers. Use normal chemical storage practices; no special ventilation is required under ambient conditions. |
| Shelf Life | Indefinite shelf life when stored in original unopened packaging, dry, at ambient temperatures, away from direct sunlight and moisture. |
Adfil Strux M323 is a polypropylene/polyethylene-based macro synthetic fibre supplied for concrete reinforcement in applications where crack-width control, post-crack residual capacity, and resistance to corrosion, moisture ingress, and alkali attack determine service-life performance. The downstream scenarios presented below are limited to concrete construction sectors in which macro synthetic polyolefin fibres have established industrial use under EN 14889-2:2006 Class II or ASTM C1116/C1116M-10a Type III synthetic fibre-reinforced concrete criteria. Each application block identifies the governing compliance framework, the fibre addition rate expressed in kilograms per cubic metre of concrete, the relevant downstream production process constraints, and the finished product types found in that sector. Published data for material-specific performance in niche configurations is identified where limited.
In high-bay warehousing and third-party logistics floor construction, the replacement of welded wire mesh or steel fibres by macro synthetic reinforcement is specified when crack-width control at sawn joints and slab edge performance are evaluated under ASTM C1399/C1399M-10 and ASTM C1609/C1609M-19. The fibre addition rate in ready-mixed concrete for ground-supported slabs is commonly batched at 3.0 kg/m³ to 4.5 kg/m³ for crack-width control, with the upper band applied where narrow-aisle racking and automated guided vehicle traffic impose repeated dynamic loading at joints. The governing floor-construction standard ACI 302.1R-15 and slab-on-ground design guidance ACI 360R-10 classify this as synthetic macro-fibre-reinforced concrete under ASTM C1116/C1116M-10a Type III, while the material itself is supplied under harmonised EN 14889-2:2006 Class II. In the production process, fibre is added to the central-mix plant or transit mixer as the final dry constituent after aggregates and cement, and mixing is continued at 12 rpm to 14 rpm drum speed for a minimum of 5 minutes before discharge. Truck-to-pump placement through lines not less than 100 mm in diameter is preferred to prevent fibre clumping at restrictive reducers. Slump is adjusted with polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer to a target of 130 mm to 160 mm, followed by laser screed strike-off, bull floating, and power trowelling. Terminal products include warehouse floor slabs, high-rack storage aisle floors, cross-dock loading-bay slabs, automated guided vehicle paths, and logistics sorting-centre ground slabs. Operational boundary: fibre protrusion at trowelled surfaces becomes unacceptable when hard trowelling is extended beyond the concrete’s bleed termination point, and placement at ambient temperatures below 5 °C requires heated water and concrete temperature control to avoid delayed surface closure.
Wet-mix sprayed concrete for primary tunnel linings and underground support uses macro synthetic fibre reinforcement when the specified post-crack energy absorption class must be achieved without the corrosion and placement risks associated with steel-fibre-reinforced spray. The governing compliance framework includes ACI 506R-16 for shotcrete materials and placement, ASTM C1436/C1436M-13 for shotcrete constituent materials, EN 14487-1:2005 for sprayed concrete execution, and EN 14889-2:2006 Class II for fibre conformity. Fibre addition rates for underground shotcrete typically range from 4.0 kg/m³ to 6.0 kg/m³, with the exact rate selected after trial mixes processed through a wet-mix pump and shotcrete nozzle to verify pump line pressure, rebound behaviour, and panel performance under EN 14488-3:2006 or ASTM C1550-20. The production process for wet-mix shotcrete is constrained by aggregate maximum size of 8 mm, cement content between 400 kg/m³ and 450 kg/m³, and use of an accelerator dosed at the nozzle. Fibre is pre-blended with dry constituents in a colloidal mixer at 20 rpm to 30 rpm before water addition, then pumped through a piston or rotor-stator pump with line diameter not less than 50 mm. Terminal product types include primary and temporary tunnel linings, slope stabilisation panels, cut-and-cover portal walls, underground intersection support, and rock cut protection. The operational limit at the upper addition range is defined by rheology: high fibre contents raise yield stress of the fresh sprayed concrete and can increase pump line pressure beyond 80 bar on some rotor-stator pumps. The addition-rate upper bound must therefore be reduced if the total conveying distance exceeds 150 m unless a booster pump is included.
In precast concrete pipe and box culvert manufacturing, macro synthetic fibres are used where cycle time, demoulding, and handling loads govern the operating line. Compliance is anchored to EN 1916:2002 for precast concrete pipes and manholes, ASTM C1116/C1116M-10a Type III for the fibre-reinforced concrete matrix, and EN 14889-2:2006 Class II for the fibre itself; where product certification is required, factory production control is audited under the Construction Products Regulation system identified in EN 14889-2:2006 Annex ZA. The addition rate for dry-cast and wet-cast precast production is maintained between 2.0 kg/m³ and 4.0 kg/m³, because lower addition does not provide measurable post-crack residual capacity after demoulding and higher addition can fill narrow mould cavities unevenly at wall thicknesses below 60 mm. In the production process, zero-slump dry-cast concrete is mixed in a pan mixer with the fibre added after aggregate and cement dry mixing for 60 seconds; the fibre must be dispersed before water addition to prevent balling at the mixer blade. Wet-cast box culverts use a vertical external vibrator system, and fibre length is restricted to 40 mm where the minimum wall thickness is 80 mm to prevent bridging in tapered sections. Terminal product types include concrete pipes, perforated drainage pipes, box culverts, manhole risers, catch basins, drainage channels, and precast cable troughs. Operational boundary: fibre accumulation at mould corners has been reported in narrow-section wet-cast production when the concrete is placed faster than 2 m³/h per mould; placement speed should be matched to vibrator frequency and form geometry to avoid localised fibre-poor zones.
| Application | Typical addition range | Critical process control parameter | Primary performance standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Industrial slab-on-ground | 3.0–4.5 kg/m³ | Mixer dwell time 5 minutes at 12–14 rpm | ASTM C1609/C1609M-19 |
| Wet-mix shotcrete | 4.0–6.0 kg/m³ | Aggregate ≤ 8 mm, pump line pressure ≤ 80 bar | EN 14488-3:2006 |
| Precast pipe and box culvert | 2.0–4.0 kg/m³ | Wall thickness ≥ 60 mm, placement ≤ 2 m³/h | ASTM C1116/C1116M-10a |
Marine and coastal concrete armour units represent a process conflict in which conventional steel fibres are susceptible to corrosion-induced staining and sectional loss, while macro synthetic polyolefin fibres provide crack-width control without metallic corrosion. The compliance environment is governed by EN 206:2013+A2:2021 exposure classes XS2 and XS3 for chloride-laden marine environments, ASTM C1116/C1116M-10a Type III for synthetic fibre-reinforced concrete, and EN 14889-2:2006 Class II for the polymer fibre. Where marine durability is prescribed, the water-cement ratio is limited to 0.42 maximum to maintain chloride penetration resistance under ASTM C1202-22 or EN 12390-18:2021. The fibre addition rate for cast and precast armour units is specified between 3.0 kg/m³ and 4.5 kg/m³, with the lower value used where surface texture from form liners must be reproduced and the upper value used where cranes lift units at early age. Production of dolos and tetrapod units uses low-slump concrete placed into heavy steel moulds and consolidated by high-frequency external vibration, with fibres dispersed in the mixer at the same time as the coarse aggregate fraction to avoid clustering. The terminal products include dolosse, tetrapods, revetment slabs, wave wall panels, quay edge beams, and breakwater capping sections. Operational boundary: macro synthetic fibres do not provide primary flexural strength in main armour units; the structural design still relies on deformed carbon-steel reinforcing cages, and the fibre only controls shrinkage cracks and handling-induced surface cracks.
Where a food-grade or chemical-processing plant floor overlay must be bonded to damaged concrete without shutting down the adjacent production line, macro synthetic fibre addition in low-odour repair mortar and self-leveling concrete overlay systems controls crack development at thicknesses between 25 mm and 75 mm. The specification framework for such overlays includes EN 1504-3:2005 for structural and non-structural concrete repair, ASTM C928/C928M-20 for packaged dry-mix concrete repair materials, and ASTM C1579-21 for restrained plastic shrinkage cracking of fibre-reinforced concrete. Fibre addition in overlay formulations is generally limited to 2.0 kg/m³ to 3.5 kg/m³, because higher levels interfere with trowel closure and produce fibre protrusion at the top surface. The production process begins with mechanical surface preparation using a hammer mill, scabbler, or captive-shot blasting to achieve a minimum surface roughness equivalent to 3 mm amplitude after removal of laitance and weak concrete. The fibre is dry-blended with the dry mortar or concrete mix before site water addition, and mixing is performed in a forced-action paddle mixer at 30 rpm for 3 minutes. Placement is by pump for liquid self-leveling overlays or by hand trowel for repair mortars; subsequent curing under polyethylene sheeting or curing compound is required at ambient temperatures above 10 °C. Terminal products include bonded plant-floor overlays, bund linings, process-area repairs, mezzanine slab repairs, and surface restoration of freezer slabs after concrete damage. Operational boundary: published data for this specific configuration is limited where the overlay bond is exposed to thermal cycling between -25 °C and +60 °C; trial panels and bond pull-off tests under EN 1542:1999 are required before full-area installation.
| Standard | Scope | Data required |
|---|---|---|
| EN 14889-2:2006 | Polymer fibres for concrete | Class II designation, Annex ZA CE marking, factory production control |
| ASTM C1116/C1116M-10a | Fiber-reinforced concrete and shotcrete | Type III synthetic fibre conformance |
| ASTM C1609/C1609M-19 | Flexural performance of fibre-reinforced concrete | First-peak and residual loads at net deflections L/600 and L/150 |
| ASTM C1399/C1399M-10 | Average residual strength of fibre-reinforced concrete | Residual load at specified net deflection |
| ASTM C1550-20 | Round panel flexural toughness | Energy absorption and post-crack performance |
| ASTM C1579-21 | Plastic shrinkage cracking | Crack-area reduction relative to control |
| EN 14488-3:2006 | Sprayed concrete flexural testing | First-peak, ultimate, and residual beam strength |
| EN 1542:1999 | Repair bond pull-off | Minimum pull-off strength |
Slipform paving of intermodal container yards and heavy-duty perimeter roads uses synthetic macro fibre to reduce early-age plastic shrinkage cracking across wide-pour widths and to reduce edge curl at construction joints. The applicable compliance framework includes ASTM C1116/C1116M-10a Type III, flexural performance data generated according to ASTM C1609/C1609M-19, and slab-on-ground design references ACI 360R-10 and ACI 544.3R-08. Where project specifications require European conformity, the fibre is supplied under EN 14889-2:2006 Class II. The addition rate for slipform paving is batched at 2.5 kg/m³ to 4.0 kg/m³, with the lower band used for pavement thickness below 180 mm and the upper band for slab thickness exceeding 220 mm. In the production process, the concrete is produced in a continuous central batch plant or truck-replenished placer-spreader, and the fibre is introduced onto the aggregate weigh belt with a minimum 30-second dry mixing period before cement and water are added. The slipform paver travel speed is reduced to 1.2 m/min to 2.0 m/min when fibre addition exceeds 3.0 kg/m³ to maintain edge slump and vertical face quality. Terminal product types include intermodal container-stacker yards, side docks, truck turning aprons, concrete hardstands, and perimeter roadways. Operational boundary: macro synthetic fibres do not replace dowel bars or tie bars at contraction and construction joints; joint load transfer must be handled separately by steel dowels or plate dowel systems if the pavement is subject to heavy forklift or reach-stacker wheel loads.
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Adfil Strux M323 (STRUX M323) is a polypropylene/polyethylene (PP/PE) blend synthetic macro fiber supplied for concrete as a non-metallic secondary reinforcement. The product falls under the synthetic fiber classification of ASTM C1116/C1116M, Type III; however, because Type III includes both microfibers and macrofibers, a project specification should separately require minimum length, aspect ratio, and residual flexural strength. The fiber is introduced at batch plant dosage rates from 2.0 kg/m³ to 6.0 kg/m³ in normal-weight concrete. These addition levels are selected through ASTM C1399/C1399M-10 beam testing rather than through a fixed manufacturer-only dosage. The resulting three-dimensional fiber network controls early-age and long-term drying shrinkage crack propagation in slabs-on-grade, composite slabs, and precast elements. Published product-specific data for STRUX M323 should be obtained from the current regional technical data sheet; the following material and application data are presented as class-level industrial ranges for PP/PE macro synthetic fibers because batch-specific properties vary with resin source and fiber geometry.
The PP/PE base resin controls the balance between fiber stiffness and post-crack ductility. In a PP/PE blend, the polyethylene phase typically lowers the melt flow index and increases elongation at break compared with a 100 % virgin polypropylene macro fiber; this can reduce fiber fracture during twin-shaft mixing but may also reduce the elastic modulus. The specific gravity of PP/PE macro fiber measured under ASTM D792 is commonly 0.91–0.93, approximately one-eighth the value of cold-drawn steel fiber at 7.85. Because the fiber density is below the density of cement paste, surface fibers can become exposed during bleeding if the surface is not closed by trowel passes. The PP/PE macro fiber is essentially inert in the alkaline pore solution; class-level immersion testing in saturated calcium hydroxide solution at 23 °C for 28 days shows no significant fiber surface hydrolysis or tensile strength reduction. Differential scanning calorimetry of PP/PE macro fiber materials shows broad melting endotherms between 120 °C and 165 °C, so the material should not be relied on for load-carrying capacity in structures where concrete temperatures exceed 80 °C in normal service. The fiber surface is mechanically deformed or embossed to improve matrix anchorage; the resulting pullout response depends on matrix strength and local fiber orientation.
Batching and mixing performance is controlled more by fiber collation and mixer shear than by chemical inertness alone. In a twin-shaft batch mixer with a batch size of 1.5 m³ to 3.0 m³, collated fiber bundles are preferably added onto the coarse aggregate stream before cement addition. A wet mixing time of 45–60 s after fiber introduction is generally sufficient for visible dispersion in 30 MPa to 50 MPa concrete; automated fiber dispensers calibrated to ±0.1 kg per batch reduce batch-to-batch count variability. Slump loss at 3.0 kg/m³ dosage in concrete with an initial 150 mm slump under ASTM C143/C143M is commonly 10–25 mm; the preferred correction is polycarboxylate ether high-range water reducer addition, not free-water increase, because additional water lowers the fiber-matrix bond and can reduce ASTM C1399 residual strength. In pumping trials with a 125 mm line diameter and 40 m boom pump, no systematic fiber balling is observed when the concrete passes a 10 mm wet-screen check after mixing and aggregate shape is non-flaky. The PP/PE fiber is less abrasive than steel fiber on pump wear plates and cutting rings, but it can protrude at the slab surface if final trowel passes are delayed; protruding fibers are pressed into the surface and covered by the finishing operation.
Residual flexural strength is determined on 100 mm × 100 mm × 350 mm beams under ASTM C1399/C1399M-10 using third-point loading and a net mid-span deflection of span/150. In class-level testing of PP/PE macro fiber concrete, dosage rates of 2.0 kg/m³, 4.0 kg/m³, and 6.0 kg/m³ commonly produce average residual strengths from 0.15 MPa to 0.35 MPa; the exact value depends on matrix compressive strength, aggregate angularity, paste volume, and fiber dispersion. A dosage of 4.0 kg/m³ in 30 MPa concrete often falls near 0.20–0.25 MPa residual strength at span/150, which meets a common specification minimum for replacing welded wire fabric in slab-on-grade crack control. No universal dosage-to-strength relation should be used for STRUX M323 without lot-specific qualification on project aggregates because poor dispersion can reduce residual strength by more than 30 %. The coefficient of variation among replicate beams from the same batch can exceed 15 % if consolidation is inconsistent; laboratory qualification should therefore test at least three beams per dosage and batch, with a fourth beam when the first three vary by more than 10 % from the mean.
When steel fibre replacement is evaluated in slab-on-grade risk analyses, the comparison must be based on post-crack flexural performance and durability rather than fibre count or weight. The elastic modulus of PP/PE macro fibre is 3–7 GPa compared with 200 GPa for cold-drawn steel fibre; at equal strain, a synthetic fibre-reinforced section has lower post-crack stiffness unless the fibre volume fraction is increased. Macro synthetic fibre at 4.0–6.0 kg/m³ can replace welded wire mesh for temperature and shrinkage crack control in slabs-on-grade, but it does not provide primary structural flexural capacity unless the section is designed as fibre-reinforced concrete under ACI 544.4R or the fib Model Code 2010. Saw-cut joint spacing, slab thickness, subbase friction, and warehouse wheel loading must be combined with the project-specific residual strength to determine whether dowels or plate dowels are required across contraction joints. In temporary ground support shotcrete, PP/PE macro fibre improves pump wear and corrosion staining relative to steel fibre, but early-age toughness at 24 h may be lower; re-entry time and shaft sinking cycles should be checked against the specified early toughness class.
Differences from other synthetic fibres are primarily polymer composition, fibre count per kilogram, and aspect ratio. A 100 % virgin polypropylene macro fibre may exhibit tensile strength near 550–650 MPa and elastic modulus near 5–6 GPa under ASTM D2256; a PP/PE blend often trades part of that stiffness for improved ductility and reduced fibre brittleness at cold-weather mixing temperatures. Micro synthetic fibres of 6–12 mm length are used at dosages below 0.9 kg/m³ to control plastic shrinkage cracking in the first 6 h after placement; they do not provide post-crack flexural capacity because their post-crack bridging is insignificant. PVA macro fibres and alkali-resistant glass macro fibres offer higher elastic modulus and bond strength but are typically more costly and may require more stringent cement chemistry controls. The STRUX M323 model designation should be specified by the supplier product code, fibre length, equivalent diameter, and dosage, not by the generic phrase "PP/PE macro fibre," because these parameters govern dispersion in pumped concrete and residual strength in ASTM C1399 tests.
For specification review, the following compliance matrix may be used to compare a synthetic macro fibre submission against the project requirements. The matrix is not a certificate; supplier batch data and independent project testing remain the controlling evidence.
| Property | Test method | Acceptance criterion class | Verification basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Synthetic fibre classification | ASTM C1116/C1116M | Type III macro synthetic, length greater than 25 mm | Supplier data sheet and visual inspection |
| Specific gravity | ASTM D792 | 0.91–0.93 | Lot certificate or laboratory check |
| Tensile strength | ASTM D2256 | Class-level minimum 400 MPa | Supplier lot average, not individual filament |
| Residual flexural strength | ASTM C1399/C1399M-10 | Project minimum, often 0.20 MPa at span/150 | Independent beam test on project aggregate |
| Alkali resistance | ASTM D543 or saturated Ca(OH)2 immersion | No visible surface degradation at 28 days | Supplier data or independent screen |
| Corrosion potential in chloride-exposed concrete | Not required for polyolefin | Inert, non-corroding | Material composition |
At delivery, each pallet should be identified by product code, production date, and lot number. A receiving inspection should verify fibre length and collated bundle integrity against a statistically selected sample of 5 bags per lot; fibre count per kilogram can be checked by weight count with a calibrated balance. The coefficient of variation in bag weight should not exceed 2 %; greater variability indicates damaged bagging or moisture uptake. If visual inspection shows fused or improperly split bundles, the material should be quarantined because the clumps may not separate in a standard 60 s mixing cycle. No pre-drying is normally required for PP/PE macro fibre, but bags exposed to rain should not be introduced into a high-strength low-water mix without checking free moisture on the fibre surface.
Operational boundaries must be stated. The PP/PE macro fibre is not a substitute for primary structural reinforcement unless a specific fibre-reinforced concrete design has been prepared under ACI 544.4R or an equivalent performance-based standard. It should not be specified in structural elements requiring a minimum post-crack residual strength above the qualified dosage range, or in elements exposed to continuous service temperatures above 80 °C. For acid exposure, published data for this specific configuration is limited; site-specific chemical resistance testing is required. The product is compatible with common concrete admixtures, but high dosages of viscosity-modifying admixtures can promote fibre clumping and should be pre-approved through full-scale batch trials. The maximum practical dosage in most concrete is near 9 kg/m³; above this level, workability loss, finishability, and pump pressure increase without a proportional gain in residual strength. Store bags in dry conditions, protect from direct sunlight, and verify the regional technical data sheet for lot-specific fibre geometry and dosage before order placement.
