| HS Code | 667793 |
| Product Name | SikaFiber 40 Force |
| Product Type | Polyolefin macro fiber for concrete |
| Material | Polyolefin |
| Fiber Type | Macro synthetic fiber |
| Length | 40 mm |
| Equivalent Diameter | 0.8 mm |
| Aspect Ratio | 50 |
| Tensile Strength | 640 MPa |
| Elastic Modulus | 9 GPa |
| Density | 0.91 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 160 °C |
| Alkali Resistance | High |
| Water Absorption | Negligible |
| Dosage Range | 2 - 5 kg/m³ |
| Packaging | 10 kg bag |
| Shelf Life | 24 months |
| Compliance | EN 14889-2 Class II |
As an accredited SikaFiber 40 Force - Polyolefin Macro Fiber for Concrete factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | SikaFiber 40 Force is packaged in 20 kg moisture-resistant paper bags, palletized, containing polyolefin macro fibers for concrete reinforcement. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading: palletized SikaFiber 40 Force macro fibers for concrete; dry container, securely stacked, weight-compliant, ready for safe transport. |
| Shipping | SikaFiber 40 Force is a non-hazardous, non-regulated polyolefin macro fiber supplied in moisture-resistant bags or boxes on pallets. Ship in dry, covered transport, avoiding direct sunlight, excessive heat, and open flames. Keep packages sealed and palletized. No dangerous goods classification applies; follow local transport regulations. |
| Storage | Store SikaFiber 40 Force in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Keep in original, unopened packaging on pallets, off the ground, away from moisture, direct sunlight, heat and ignition sources. Protect bags from damage; reseal opened bags tightly. Avoid excessive stacking and dust generation. Use within recommended shelf life; maintain FIFO stock rotation and follow local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life: 24 months from production when stored dry, in unopened original packaging, away from moisture and direct sunlight. |
Ground-supported industrial floor slabs inside distribution centres and cold storage facilities are routinely designed for racking post loads and narrow-aisle VNA traffic. When steel mesh is eliminated from the cross-section, SikaFiber 40 Force is batched directly into the concrete at a dosage of 3.5–5.0 kg/m³. The fibre is added to the aggregate weigh hopper after initial rock and sand discharge but prior to water injection, allowing dry dispersion in the pan mixer. Mixing continues for 45–60 seconds after fibre introduction; for twin-shaft horizontal mixers of 2.0–3.0 m³ batch size, a post-fibre mixing interval of 30 seconds per cubic metre is considered a minimum. Slump measured to EN 12350-2:2019 typically drops by 20–40 mm when compared with the same mix without fibre, so a batching slump of 180–200 mm is specified to maintain 140–160 mm at the pump. Laser-screed differential settlement of ±3 mm over 3 m remains achievable with vibratory screeds, but power trowel finishing must be delayed until fibre surface bleed has cleared, because early trowelling folds protruding fibres and creates surface fuzz. Saw-cut joint spacing follows TR34 joint design; fibres do not replace contraction joints where drying shrinkage exceeds 400 microstrain predicted by BS 8204-2. Residual flexural performance is verified to ASTM C1399/C1399M-10 or EN 14651:2005+A1:2007. The fibre is supplied with CE marking under EN 14889-2:2006 system of attestation 1 for Class II macro fibres, and the polyolefin surface is hydrophobic, so no pre-wetting or pre-drying is required even when storage relative humidity exceeds 60%.
| Test parameter | Standard designation | Sampling frequency | Acceptance limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residual flexural strength fR1 | EN 14651:2005+A1:2007 | One beam per 500 m³ | fR1 ≥ 1.5 MPa at 4.0 kg/m³ |
| Average residual strength | ASTM C1399/C1399M-10 | One beam per 500 m³ | ≥ 2.0 MPa |
| Air content | EN 12350-7:2019 | Every truck prior to pump | 4.0–7.0% |
| Compressive strength | EN 12390-3:2019 | One cube set per 50 m³ | As mix design |
Precast yards producing manhole rings, box culverts, and retaining wall panels have substituted A252 mesh with 40-mm polyolefin macro fibre in wet-cast and dry-cast concrete. In a zero-slump dry-cast machine process, fibre is introduced at 3.0–4.5 kg/m³ and mixed in a ring-pan mixer for 60–90 seconds; the fibre does not alter the immediate strip time but can reduce edge chipping at demoulding. Wet-cast precast elements laid in steel moulds are dosed at 4.0–6.0 kg/m³, with the fibres charged after coarse aggregate and before cement addition to prevent balling on hold-down bolts and vibrator pockets. External vibrator frequency in the range 45–65 Hz is maintained; over-vibration beyond 20 seconds per position produces fibre orientation anomalies near the form face. The design of precast elements to EN 13369:2018 and EN 1992-1-1 requires a recalculation of flexural capacity, because macro synthetic fibre provides post-crack toughness but cannot replicate the yield strength of A252 steel mesh at equivalent area. Terminal products include manhole base sections, culvert wings, and precast headwalls.
Wet-mix steel-fibre-free shotcrete for NATM tunnel linings uses SikaFiber 40 Force at 5.0–8.0 kg/m³ in a C32/40 or C35/45 sprayed concrete. The fibre is batched at the plant; fibre length of 40 mm remains below half the internal diameter of 65 mm delivery hoses, preventing blockages in the piston pump. The accelerator is dosed at the nozzle at 4–8% by weight of binder to achieve J2 early-age strength per EN 14487-2:2006. Rebound during robotic spraying is measured on a test panel according to EN 14488-1; field records from alpine tunnel projects indicate that macro synthetic fibre can increase initial spray thickness by holding rebound aggregate in the plastic zone, but published data for this specific configuration is limited beyond the panel test. Final cores are tested for compressive strength to EN 12504-1:2019 and flexural toughness to EN 14651. Terminal application is a tunnel primary lining with minimum thickness 150 mm, fibre dosage 6 kg/m³, and no welded wire mesh at the crown.
In heavily trafficked port and intermodal pavements where container handlers impose wheel loads above 100 kN, jointed plain concrete pavements are slipformed with macro fibre at 4.0–5.0 kg/m³ and slab thickness between 200–280 mm depending on CBR and load repetitions. Fibre is added in the batch plant to a truck mixer at 4.5 kg/m³; mixing at high drum speed for 5 minutes after fibre addition is specified to avoid fibre balls migrating through the slipform spreader. Slipform paving speed is held between 0.8–1.2 m/min; fibre protrusions at the longitudinal joint are trimmed automatically, but the pan vibrator frequency must be increased to 10,000–12,000 vibrations per minute to maintain edge slump. Saw-cut joints are placed at 4.5–6.0 m centres in both directions following ACI 330.2R and TR66; load-transfer dowels at transverse contraction joints remain mandatory because macro synthetic fibre does not replace dowel shear capacity. Terminal slabs are built for container yards, RoRo ramps, and airside service roads. Curing compound application by spray machine at 0.20 L/m² is required within 15 minutes of final finishing. Durability acceptance includes rapid chloride penetration testing to ASTM C1202-19 not exceeding 2,000 coulombs at 28 days for XD3 exposure, if specified.
In marine splash zone and tidal zone placements, macro polyolefin fibre is used as secondary reinforcement in precast armour units, quay wall copes, and wave return slabs at dosages between 4.0–6.0 kg/m³. Because polyolefin does not corrode in chloride-saturated concrete, fibre-reinforced sections avoid the spalling pattern associated with rusting steel mesh exposed to 19,000 mg/L chloride in seawater; however, the fibre is not a substitute for the minimum concrete cover prescribed for reinforcing steel under EN 206:2013+A2:2021 and BS 6349-1-4:2017. Crack-width limits for splash zone exposure class XS3 are generally specified at 0.20 mm under quasi-permanent load combinations per EN 1992-1-1 national annex provisions; fibre-reinforced concrete contributes to early-age crack control but the low elastic modulus of polyolefin, typically 7–10 GPa, means it does not affect long-term flexural stiffness. Mix design for marine armour units includes CEM III/A cement, 0.40–0.45 w/c, and 4.5 kg/m³ fibre; mixing uses a twin-shaft compulsory mixer with a post-fibre mix time of 45 seconds. Surface finishing of formed units is kept to a class U2 finish per EN 13670:2009; protruding fibres are removed with a gas torch only where watertightness is not compromised. Terminal products include single-layer armour units, breakwater toe blocks, and quay wall cope elements.
For high-performance precast segments and bridge deck closure pours with w/c ratios below 0.40, fibre dispersion becomes a processing constraint because the paste lacks sufficient free water to separate fibre bundles. The batching sequence is shifted: SikaFiber 40 Force is added to dry coarse aggregate before the addition of cementitious binders, mixed for 20–30 seconds, then water and a polycarboxylate superplasticizer to ASTM C494/C494M-19 Type F are introduced. Compared with a plain reference mix, a dosage of 5.0 kg/m³ increases dynamic yield stress measured by a tribometer by 25–40%, requiring an additional 0.20–0.35% superplasticizer by weight of cement to restore pumpability. High-energy counter-current pan mixers with paddle tip speeds of 2.5–3.5 m/s are used because free-fall drum mixers show fibre balling when slump falls below 100 mm. Air content is monitored to EN 12350-7:2019; fibre addition tends to increase air by 0.5–1.0%, so a defoaming agent may be required for freeze-thaw exposure. Terminal low-w/c precast products include segmental tunnel rings, acoustic barriers, and bridge parapet edge beams. The cured concrete is tested for flexural toughness to EN 14651 and compressive strength to EN 12390-3:2019; because the low w/c matrix is brittle, the fibre’s contribution to post-crack residual strength is proportionally higher than in a 0.55 w/c mix.
Precast segmental tunnel linings placed in sulphate-rich groundwater are produced with 4.0–6.0 kg/m³ of macro polyolefin fibre to control localised spalling during demoulding and to provide distributed crack control at the gasket grooves. The concrete is specified with a 0.34–0.38 w/c ratio and sulphate-resisting cement, but fibre reinforcement does not alter the sulfate resistance classification required by ASTM C1012/C1012M-18b or EN 206 exposure class XA3. Fibres are charged into the pan mixer after coarse aggregate and before powder, with a total mixing time of 90 seconds, which is 30 seconds longer than the equivalent plain mix, to eliminate fibre clumping in low-flow mixes. Moulds are vibrated on multi-point external tables operating at 50–60 Hz; excessive vibration beyond 15 seconds per point causes fibre-free paste to migrate to the mould face and leaves a paste-rich layer with reduced abrasion resistance. Dimensional tolerances of ±0.3 mm on segment lips and ±0.5 mm on gasket grooves are maintained only when the fibre is fully dispersed; occasional fibre lumps are rejected by an automated laser scanning station before steam curing at 55–65 °C for 8–10 hours. Terminal segmental rings form a closed circular lining with EPDM gaskets; fibre reduces chipping at the segment corners during handling and erection but is not accounted for in the structural design of the ring under EN 1992-1-1 except as crack-control secondary reinforcement.
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SikaFiber 40 Force is a polyolefin macro fiber for concrete supplied as discrete monofilaments with a nominal length of 40 mm, a specific gravity of 0.91, and a water absorption below 0.1%. The product is introduced into concrete and shotcrete at dosages from 1.5 kg/m³ to 4.5 kg/m³; structural slab applications commonly use 3.0 kg/m³ to 4.0 kg/m³. Under manufacturer published test data, the polyolefin filament exhibits a tensile strength of 552 MPa and an elastic modulus of 6.2 GPa. The fiber is classified as a Type III macro synthetic fiber under ASTM C1116/C1116M and is covered by the polymer fiber requirements of EN 14889-2:2006 for structural concrete. The product is packaged in moisture-resistant bags and can be dispensed through pneumatic conveying equipment into compulsory mixers or directly dosed into transport mixers. In comparison with steel fibers, SikaFiber 40 Force reduces placed unit weight and eliminates exposed-surface rust staining. In comparison with micro polypropylene fibers, the 40 mm length and macro dosage band shift the reinforcement function from plastic shrinkage crack suppression to post-crack residual strength generation.
Typical packaging is supplied in bags designed for whole-bag addition to reduce open-bag dosing error. In twin-shaft compulsory mixers with a filling volume of 0.5 m³ to 3.0 m³, the fiber is added after aggregates are charged and before cementitious powder; early liquid addition is avoided because it increases fiber-ball formation near the shaft and end walls. The product is not hygroscopic, so pre-drying at relative humidity above 60% is unnecessary, but storage at temperatures above 50 °C and prolonged direct ultraviolet exposure should be avoided to prevent polymer surface oxidation and embrittlement of the outer fiber layers.
The design verification path for macro synthetic fiber concrete does not follow the area-of-steel replacement methodology used for welded wire mesh. Post-crack serviceability is evaluated through residual flexural tensile strength, not through yield strength and bar spacing. ASTM C1609/C1609M loads a beam under third-point bending and records loads at net deflections of L/600 and L/150. At a dosage of 3.0 kg/m³ in ordinary portland cement concrete, test reports in the manufacturer’s technical file indicate first-peak flexural strengths between 4.0 MPa and 5.5 MPa and residual strengths at L/600 between 1.0 MPa and 1.6 MPa. These values vary with aggregate type, paste volume, mixing energy, and beam orientation relative to fiber alignment. For EN 14651, a notched beam test reports limit of proportionality and residual flexural tensile strengths at crack mouth opening displacement values of 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.5 mm, and 3.5 mm. The resulting R1 and R3 ratios are protocol-specific and should not be interchanged with ASTM C1609/C1609M load-deflection values without correction.
Fiber orientation in pumped and vibrated slabs is anisotropic; residual strength measured on beams cut parallel to the dominant placement direction may exceed beams cut perpendicular by a measurable margin. Closed-loop servo-hydraulic test frames with a capacity not less than 100 kN and a constant crack mouth opening rate of 0.05 mm/min are specified for the European notched beam protocol. At high addition rates above 4.0 kg/m³, the post-crack curve may plateau or decline because fiber dispersion becomes nonuniform unless mixing energy and paste volume are increased. Product classification under ASTM C1116/C1116M Type III is a fiber-type designation only; it does not by itself establish structural design values. Concrete specifiers must separately require ASTM C1609/C1609M or EN 14651 test data for the actual mix and dosage. The product is also evaluated against ICC ES AC32 for alternative reinforcement in structural concrete applications where applicable. Manufacturer published data should be reviewed for the specific compressive strength class, because post-crack residual strength has been observed to increase with matrix strength when curing is adequate and aggregate particle interlock is maintained.
In wet-mix shotcrete lining operations, the fiber is added at the batching plant or through a continuous dosing unit on the pump feed. Field reports from rotary and piston-type shotcrete machines indicate that nozzle blockages increase when aggregate larger than 8 mm is combined with fiber dosage above 4.0 kg/m³, particularly in mixes with slump below 120 mm. Rebound of polyolefin fibers in dry-mix applications is lower by mass than steel fibers, but published data for specific nozzle configurations is limited.
Precast producers use SikaFiber 40 Force at 2.5 kg/m³ to 3.5 kg/m³ in wall panels and channels to reduce handling cracks at stripping and to control edge spalling during demolding. The material does not interfere with low-frequency vacuum lifting systems; steel fibers, by contrast, alter magnetic clamping behavior and can be attracted to sensor packages in automated mold handling.
Replacement of welded wire mesh with SikaFiber 40 Force is a performance-based substitution, not a one-to-one mass replacement. Macro fiber distributes reinforcing action throughout the concrete volume, permitting laser-screed placement and removal of chairing, laps, and trip hazards. Structural acceptance requires verification against ASTM C1609/C1609M or EN 14651 data at the specified dosage. Steel fiber concrete using 20 kg/m³ to 40 kg/m³ of cold-drawn wire fiber is often compared with SikaFiber 40 Force at 3.0 kg/m³ to 4.5 kg/m³. This dosage difference exists because the polyolefin density of 0.91 is approximately 88% lower than steel density of 7.85. The lower elastic modulus (6.2 GPa versus approximately 200 GPa for steel) means that the ascending portion of the load-deflection curve remains close to plain concrete and that crack-width control at small deflections may be less than steel fiber at equivalent dosage by volume. At crack widths above 0.5 mm, the polyolefin fiber relies on mechanical anchorage and elongation; long-term crack-width serviceability limits require separate assessment under the governing code.
| Parameter | SikaFiber 40 Force | Steel fiber | Micro polypropylene fiber |
|---|---|---|---|
| Material classification | Polyolefin macro fiber | Cold-drawn carbon steel fiber | Monofilament polypropylene fiber |
| Nominal length | 40 mm | 30–60 mm | 6–12 mm |
| Specific gravity | 0.91 | 7.85 | 0.91 |
| Typical dosage | 1.5–4.5 kg/m³ | 20–40 kg/m³ | 0.6–1.8 kg/m³ |
| Tensile strength | 552 MPa | 1000–1500 MPa | 300–600 MPa |
| Elastic modulus | 6.2 GPa | 200 GPa | 3.5 GPa |
| Corrosion behavior in exposed concrete | No electrochemical corrosion | Surface rust staining unless stainless or coated | No electrochemical corrosion |
| Primary post-crack action | Bridging of macro-cracks through frictional anchorage | Bridging of macro-cracks through yield and mechanical anchorage | Plastic shrinkage crack suppression only |
| Relevant standard | ASTM C1116/C1116M Type III, EN 14889-2:2006 | ASTM A820/A820M | ASTM C1116/C1116M Type III |
Compared with micro polypropylene fibers, the 40 mm macro length bridges cracks after tensile failure begins, but the pump line diameter should be at least three times the fiber length to minimize plug formation. In practice, 65 mm or 75 mm shotcrete hoses and 100 mm or larger ready-mix concrete pipelines are designated. For ready-mix delivery, the fiber should be added at the plant or on site at high drum speed; slow discharge of individual bags into a stationary or low-speed drum increases the likelihood of balling near the hopper.
Batch acceptance records for macro synthetic fiber concrete should include fiber type, dosage per cubic meter, mixing time after final fiber addition, and ambient temperature during batching. In compressed-air conveying, line velocities below 25 m/s are used to reduce filament breakage; the specific limit depends on bend radius, pipe material, and air humidity. Polyolefin macro fiber does not require pre-drying at relative humidity above 60%, but bags with visible free moisture should be rejected because wet fiber can bridge in hopper outlets and distort mass-controlled dosing. SikaFiber 40 Force is compatible with air-entraining agents, superplasticizers, and accelerator systems in standard concrete practice; simultaneous pneumatic addition with cement is avoided to prevent transient homogeneity loss. Product registration requires safety data sheet review under local chemical handling regulations; REACH registration duties apply to the polymer substance depending on import quantities.
In planetary pan and twin-shaft compulsory mixers, a common verified sequence is to charge aggregates, then fiber, then cementitious powder and water. A minimum mixing time after fiber addition of 120 seconds at mixing speed is often specified to achieve visual dispersion; transit mixers require 70–100 revolutions at mixing speed after fiber discharge. Trial batching is required when dosage exceeds 4.0 kg/m³, especially when paste volume is below 320 L/m³ and coarse aggregate is angular, because higher fiber counts increase bundle formation and may reduce slump by 10–30 mm at the upper dosage band. Continuous structural service is limited to temperatures where polyolefin retains tensile modulus; published data for load-bearing applications above 60 °C is limited.
Project specifications for synthetic macro fiber concrete should identify the product class, dosage, post-crack test method, acceptance threshold at a defined deflection or crack mouth opening, and mixing sequence. The table lists applicable standard designations and the corresponding parameter used for quality acceptance.
| Standard | Parameter / Requirement | Use in quality control |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM C1116/C1116M Type III | Classification of macro synthetic fiber for concrete | Material qualification |
| EN 14889-2:2006 | Polymer fiber CE marking requirements for structural concrete | European market access |
| ASTM C1609/C1609M | Flexural performance of fiber-reinforced concrete | Design and batch verification |
| ASTM C1399/C1399M | Average residual strength of fiber-reinforced concrete | QA for slabs and shotcrete |
| EN 14651 | Residual flexural tensile strength of notched beams | European design input and QA |
| ASTM A820/A820M | Steel fiber reference specification | Comparison and substitution evaluation |
| ASTM C143/C143M | Fresh concrete slump | Dispersion and workability acceptance |
| EN 12350-2 | Fresh concrete slump | European workability acceptance |
At addition rates outside the specified range, published data for this specific configuration is limited; trial batching and flexural beam testing under the project’s governing standard are required before production mixing begins.
