| HS Code | 497290 |
| Material | Polypropylene |
| Type | Macro synthetic polypropylene fiber |
| Form | Monofilament |
| Length | 54 mm |
| Diameter | 0.9 mm |
| Aspect Ratio | 60 |
| Tensile Strength | 620 MPa |
| Elastic Modulus | 9.5 GPa |
| Melting Point | 160 °C |
| Ignition Point | >360 °C |
| Density | 0.91 g/cm³ |
| Alkali Resistance | Excellent |
| Water Absorption | Nil |
| Dosage | 3 - 6 kg/m³ |
| Packaging | 10 kg bags |
| Shelf Life | 24 months |
| Color | Grey |
| Compliance | EN 14889-2 Class II, ASTM C1116 Type III |
As an accredited SikaFiber Enduro Mirage (Enduro HPP) - Macro Synthetic Polypropylene Fiber factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 5 kg (11 lb) moisture-resistant bags, palletized; each bag contains macro synthetic polypropylene fibers for concrete reinforcement. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | SikaFiber Enduro Mirage (Enduro HPP) macro synthetic polypropylene fiber: loaded in a 20′ FCL, palletized, shrink-wrapped, and secured for transport. |
| Shipping | SikaFiber Enduro Mirage (Enduro HPP) is shipped as non-hazardous, non-regulated macro synthetic polypropylene fibers, typically in sealed, moisture-resistant bags or sacks on pallets. Store and transport in cool, dry, ventilated conditions, away from moisture, direct sunlight, and ignition sources. Handle with care to prevent package damage. |
| Storage | Store SikaFiber Enduro Mirage in its original, unopened packaging in a dry, cool, well-ventilated area. Protect from direct sunlight, moisture, heat, and ignition sources. Keep bags sealed, off the ground, and away from incompatible materials or contaminants. Avoid puncturing or crushing packaging. Use first-in, first-out stock rotation. Refer to the SDS and local regulations for specific shelf-life and handling requirements. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is 24 months from production date when stored properly in original unopened packaging, dry conditions, protected from direct sunlight. |
During construction of a split-level logistics facility with very-narrow-aisle racking, floor slab specification migrates from conventional deformed bar reinforcement to SikaFiber Enduro Mirage (Enduro HPP) macro-synthetic polypropylene fiber when the controlling design criterion shifts from load-bearing moment capacity to post-crack toughness and shrinkage restraint. The concrete is specified under ASTM C1116/C1116M Type III synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete and is CE-marked under EN 14889-2:2006; slab design follows ACI 302.1R-15 and Concrete Society TR34, with surface regularity verified under DIN 18202 Table 3 Line 3 or Line 4. SikaFiber Enduro Mirage (Enduro HPP) is batched at 1.8 kg/m³ to 3.0 kg/m³ for 150–175 mm internal slabs, the lower range being used for suspended mezzanine decks where racking anchors restrict saw-cut joint locations and the upper range being used for ground-supported panels under concentrated 8 t forklift point loads. Batching is carried out in a twin-shaft compulsory mixer with a batch capacity of 2.0–3.0 m³; fibers are introduced after aggregate charging and before 30% of the batch water through a pneumatic dosing unit or belt conveyor at a controlled feed rate to limit balling. Mixing is extended for 20–30 s after all constituents are charged, and slump is held between 120 mm and 160 mm with a polycarboxylate ether superplasticizer; in ambient temperatures above 30 °C, a set-consistency stabilizer is added to prevent early stiffening before laser screeding. The concrete is discharged into a truck-mounted pump, placed with a laser-guided screed, and finished by ride-on power trowels beginning only after bleed-water sheen has cleared; a spray-applied curing compound with an efficiency index of at least 90% is then applied. Saw cutting of contraction joints occurs within 8–24 h after placement, with panel aspect ratios not exceeding 1.5:1 and joint spacing between 3 m and 4 m for free-movement racking zones. Finished product types include jointed and jointless floor panels under automated guided vehicle routes, narrow-aisle racking decks, cold-store ante-chambers, and mezzanine slab segments.
| Standard / Reference | Designation | Requirement or Test Parameter |
|---|---|---|
| EN 14889-2:2006 | Polymer fibres for concrete | CE marking; fiber conformity for structural use in concrete |
| ASTM C1116/C1116M | Fiber-reinforced concrete | Type III synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete specification |
| ASTM C1609/C1609M | Flexural performance of fiber-reinforced concrete | Residual strength at L/600 and L/300 for third-point beam loading |
| ACI 302.1R-15 | Guide to Concrete Floor and Slab Construction | Flatness, moisture, jointing, and finishing sequence |
| Concrete Society TR34 | Concrete Industrial Ground Floors | Fourth edition design method for floor slab thickness and joints |
| DIN 18202 | Dimensional tolerances in building | Table 3 Line 3/4 surface regularity tolerance class |
The wet-mix sprayed concrete process is governed by a rebound-dependent dosage boundary: SikaFiber Enduro Mirage (Enduro HPP) is batched at 3.0 kg/m³ to 4.5 kg/m³, with the lower bound reserved for blast-damage re-profiling and the upper bound applied to permanent primary linings exposed to asymmetric rock loading. Placement is specified under EN 14487-1:2005, ACI 506R-16, and the EFNARC European Specification for Sprayed Concrete, with performance classes verified by panel energy absorption under EN 14488-5:2006 and by round panel toughness under ASTM C1550. The base concrete is preblended at the batch plant; the fiber is added during aggregate batching to avoid nozzle-line blockage that occurs when fibers above 40 mm are introduced at the hopper of the wet-mix machine. The mix is discharged into a twin-piston wet-mix shotcrete pump with a nominal output of 18 m³/h; alkali-free set accelerator is metered at the nozzle at 4–8% by weight of binder, and a liquid high-range water reducer is adjusted to maintain a pumpable consistency of 200–260 mm before accelerator addition. Air flow at the nozzle is maintained between 7 m³/min and 9 m³/min, and nozzle distance from the substrate is held at 0.8–1.2 m to limit rebound while preserving compaction. In overhead staging, rebound is recorded at 10–20% by the spray crew and used to recalibrate accelerator dose and vertical lane sequencing; in-place density above 2.2 t/m³ is confirmed by core test. The material is applied in horizontal strips of 1.0–1.5 m width, with a minimum layer thickness of 50 mm and a maximum single-pass thickness of 150 mm on vertical surfaces. Finished product types include permanent drift linings in sublevel open-stope mining, conveyor decline arch reinforcement, and rehabilitation of weathered tunnel portal zones.
Because carousel precast tunnel segment production lines strip segments after 5–8 h steam curing, fiber addition must not compromise early-age demolding strength or surface void density. SikaFiber Enduro Mirage (Enduro HPP) is specified for reinforced concrete tunnel lining segments at 1.5–3.0 kg/m³ in a high-consistency or self-consolidating mix with a water/binder ratio not exceeding 0.38 and a maximum aggregate size of 12 mm. Compliance is documented through EN 13369:2018 common rules for precast concrete products, EN 14889-2:2006, and ASTM C1116/C1116M Type III; segment dimensional tolerances are checked against the crack-control provisions of EN 1992-1-1. Production uses automated pan or twin-shaft mixers with batch capacities of 1.5–2.0 m³, external high-frequency table vibrators operating at 50–60 Hz, and steam curing controlled at 55–60 °C with a heating ramp not exceeding 10 °C/h. Fibers are dosed via automated weighing into the skip or aggregate belt, not through a hand-fed chute into the mold, to prevent clustering on vibrating form skins and flexural weak planes at segment corners. The green strength at mold turnaround is held above 12 MPa; later 28-day compressive strength is specified at 45–60 MPa depending on tunnel depth. After demolding, segments are transferred to a vacuum-lift erector gantry for ring assembly inside the TBM backup, where the fiber-reinforced concrete must exhibit residual flexural strength sufficient to resist jacking forces from thrust rams without spalling at longitudinal joints. Finished product types include bolted and dowel-connected tunnel lining rings, shaft ring elements, cross-passage opening frames, and launch eye segments.
Before the slipform paver’s dowel inserter engages on a container apron slab, the concrete must already contain a fully dispersed macro-synthetic fiber network capable of sustaining flexural creep under eccentric 40 ft container stack loads and occasional spill contact. SikaFiber Enduro Mirage (Enduro HPP) is added at 2.0–3.5 kg/m³ for 200–250 mm paver-laid slabs, with the upper range confined to crane rail pockets, transition slabs, and corner zones within 6 m of storm drainage inlets. Pavement design follows ACI 330R-08 and ASTM C1609/C1609M for residual flexural strength, while material compliance is established under ASTM C1116/C1116M Type III and European pavement materials standard EN 13877-1:2013. The central mix plant charges a 3.0 m³ twin-shaft compulsory mixer with the fiber after dry aggregate blending and before water; discharge is into agitating trucks with a maximum travel time of 45 min before slump falls below 60 mm. Slipform paving advances at 0.8–1.2 m/min, with saw-cutting initiated when the surface reaches a compressive strength of 6–8 MPa, typically after 6–12 h depending on ambient relative humidity. A curing compound with a minimum efficiency index of 90% is applied in two transverse passes; joint filler installation is delayed until slab moisture content drops below 3.5% by Tramex meter. Production equipment includes a slipform paver with automatic dowel bar insertion and a dowel basket fixture for transverse construction joints; fiber clumping at the auger ears is controlled by limiting hopper aggregate temperatures above 35 °C. Finished product types include container yard aprons, reachstacker lanes, rail-mounted gantry crane wheel paths, and isolated out-of-gauge cargo storage pads.
Wet-cast box culvert production differs from dry-cast pipe production in that the macro-synthetic fiber must survive 10–15 s of internal poker vibration without floating or creating surface wicks that increase water absorption. The dosage for SikaFiber Enduro Mirage (Enduro HPP) is set at 1.8–3.0 kg/m³ for a mix with slump of 80–120 mm, maximum aggregate size of 10 mm, and cement content of 350–400 kg/m³. Product and material standards include ASTM C1433/C1433M for precast reinforced concrete monolithic box sections, ASTM C478/C478M for circular precast manhole riser sections, and EN 14889-2:2006 for fiber conformity. The production sequence uses tilting stationary steel molds with fixed inner cores; concrete is placed in 3–4 lifts, each consolidated with a 38 mm diameter poker vibrator for 8–10 s per insertion, with the vibrator withdrawn slowly to avoid fiber re-orientation along the form face. Demolding is permitted at 12–15 MPa compressive strength, after which the units are transferred to a low-pressure steam curing chamber at 50–60 °C for 8–10 h before outdoor storage. Cracking during stripping is controlled by two lifting anchors embedded within the upper third of the side walls; the use of macro-synthetic fibers does not alter the structural steel cage required by the box culvert design but does reduce spalling at edges and corner arrises. Finished product types include storm drainage box culverts, utility chase segments, manhole riser sections, cable trench covers, and headwalls for culvert outfalls.
For marine outfall structures placed by crane barge and exposed to seawater absorption, macro-synthetic fiber reinforcement is used for crack control in the splash zone and for impact resistance during slewing high-mass installation. SikaFiber Enduro Mirage (Enduro HPP) is batched at 2.0–4.0 kg/m³ in mixes specified under EN 206 exposure classes XS2 and XS3, with a maximum water/cement ratio of 0.45 and a minimum cement content of 340 kg/m³ unless an addition of Type II ground granulated blast-furnace slag or silica fume is used under k-value provisions. Corresponding ACI references include ACI 318-19 exposure category C2 and ACI 350-20 for wastewater and marine environmental structures. Production in the precast yard uses a 2.0 m³ twin-shaft compulsory mixer and humid curing for 7 d after demolding at 15 MPa; for cast-in-place tremie placements, the fiber is added only in the top slab and splash zone lifts, not in the submerged tremie column, because long fibers increase pump line resistance above 80 bar on extended horizontal runs. The fiber-reinforced lifts are placed in 400–600 mm layers, consolidated with high-frequency immersion vibrators, and immediately covered with wet burlap to prevent plastic shrinkage cracking in salt-laden wind. Finished product types include wave return walls, precast outfall riser units, armor layer splash-zone panels, and scour apron transition slabs.
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SikaFiber Enduro Mirage (Enduro HPP) is a macro synthetic polypropylene fiber classified as a Class II polymer fiber under EN 14889-2:2006 and as a Type III synthetic fiber under ASTM C1116/C1116M-10a. The Enduro HPP suffix identifies a high-performance polypropylene material grade used in the fiber extrusion process; the Mirage designation separates this product configuration from other macrofiber platforms within the same technical family. Manufacturer-published typical values include a filament length of 54 mm, an equivalent diameter of 0.8 mm, an aspect ratio of 67.5, a specific gravity of 0.91, tensile strength of 600–650 MPa, elastic modulus of 9.5 GPa, melting point between 160 °C and 165 °C, and water absorption below 0.1 % when measured under ASTM D570-98(2018). The fiber is added to concrete and wet-mix shotcrete at rates commonly between 2.0 kg/m³ and 9.0 kg/m³. Dosages at the lower end of that range primarily address plastic shrinkage cracking, while dosages from approximately 4.0 kg/m³ upward are specified where post-crack flexural toughness, impact resistance, or reduced reliance on secondary steel reinforcement is required. Supply is in collated bundles that separate into individual monofilaments under mixer shear; packaging and lot-specific geometry require verification against the supplier’s certificate of analysis.
The polymer is hydrophobic and does not absorb mix water in the manner of cellulosic fiber. Water absorption below 0.1 % has little effect on concrete mixing water demand, and the alkaline portland cement pore solution at pH above 12.5 does not degrade the polypropylene backbone over normal concrete service conditions. Unlike steel fiber, the macro synthetic product does not introduce corrosion cells, does not produce rust staining at exposed slab surfaces, and does not materially alter the electrical conductivity of hardened concrete. That distinction becomes operationally relevant in industrial floors with low cover or exposed aggregate, in marine splash zones, and in transit structures where stray-current corrosion is a design constraint.
Steel fiber, macro synthetic fiber, and micro synthetic fiber occupy different performance classes and are not interchangeable by mass. The following comparative data represent typical engineering values for selection; project-specific mechanical properties must be confirmed by laboratory testing of the actual concrete mixture.
| Property | Macro synthetic PP class | Hooked-end steel fiber | Micro synthetic PP fiber |
|---|---|---|---|
| Specific gravity | 0.91 | 7.85 | 0.91 |
| Tensile strength | 600–650 MPa | 1000–1500 MPa | 300–450 MPa |
| Elastic modulus | 9.5 GPa | 200 GPa | 3–5 GPa |
| Typical dosage in ground-supported slabs | 3.0–6.0 kg/m³ | 15–35 kg/m³ | 0.6–1.8 kg/m³ |
| Primary function | Post-crack toughness, shrinkage control, impact resistance | Structural crack control, high stiffness post-crack response | Plastic shrinkage crack reduction only |
| Corrosion risk in cracked concrete | None | High in chloride-bearing environments | None |
| Electrical and magnetic effect | Negligible | Significant | Negligible |
| Pump and mixer wear | Lower than steel fiber | Higher | Negligible |
Within the macro synthetic class, products are not interchangeable by filament mass alone. Monofilament cross-section, surface profile, collation binder, fiber length, and fiber count per kilogram control the number of fibers crossing a crack plane and the pullout force per fiber. The SikaFiber Enduro Mirage configuration uses a collated monofilament format rather than a fibrillated film tape; collated monofilaments can disperse more uniformly in high-shear mixers, whereas fibrillated products can increase viscosity and air entrainment. Selection should therefore require post-crack beam test data from the same concrete mix under EN 14651:2005+A1:2007 or ASTM C1609/C1609M-19a, not rely solely on fiber tensile strength.
In full-scale batching with a twin-shaft compulsory mixer of 1.5 m³ batch capacity, the fiber is added with the coarse aggregate before the batch water discharge. Pre-wetting is not required, and contact with mixing water after aggregate charging reduces balling. A mixing time of 4 min to 5 min after water addition at mixer rotor speed from 18 rpm to 25 rpm is generally sufficient for monofilament separation. Prolonged mixing above 8 min at dosages above 6.0 kg/m³ can produce fiber clumping in low-slump concrete. For truck-mixer addition to a fully mixed load, 4 min to 5 min at maximum barrel speed is typically required, with visual confirmation of dispersion. Slump reduction at 4.0 kg/m³ is generally less than 30 mm measured by EN 12350-2:2019; it is managed with polycarboxylate ether high-range water reducer rather than additional mixing water, because increasing the water-cementitious ratio reduces matrix strength and fiber-matrix pullout resistance. Gravimetric or bag-count verification is required on production batching because a dosage deviation of ±0.2 kg/m³ at 4.0 kg/m³ is measurable in the batching record but not reliably detected by slump alone.
In sprayed concrete for temporary ground support and permanent linings, steel fiber has historically been specified for energy absorption, but corrosion risk in aggressive groundwater and the magnetic and electrical properties of steel can be undesirable. Macro synthetic polypropylene fiber at 4.0 kg/m³ to 6.0 kg/m³ is dosed into the wet-mix batch before the concrete reaches the hopper of a rotor-type or piston-type shotcrete machine. With a 50 mm internal-diameter delivery hose and compressed air volumetric flow between 8 m³/min and 12 m³/min, the collated monofilaments do not produce the same pump-line wear associated with steel fiber and do not generate steel-fiber rebound particles that can create localized corrosion staining on rock surfaces. Post-crack energy absorption is evaluated by ASTM C1550-20 round panel testing or by EN 14488-5:2006 flexural toughness panels; energy absorption is dosage-dependent and increases non-linearly with the number of fibers crossing a crack plane. At dosages below 3.0 kg/m³, the improvement in post-crack panel energy may be insufficient for ductility classes above the lowest specified levels in EN 14487-1; above 7.5 kg/m³, workability loss and fiber balling can occur unless aggregate gradation and superplasticizer dosage are specifically designed for high-fiber-content shotcrete. The fiber does not replace steel bar reinforcement at excavation intersections or where rock bolts are required for structural continuity; it functions only as distributed discontinuous reinforcement within the shotcrete matrix.
For ground-supported industrial slabs, the fiber is specified at 3.0 kg/m³ to 6.0 kg/m³ to control plastic shrinkage, reduce the need for welded wire fabric, and provide post-crack residual flexural capacity. Residual flexural strengths are obtained from ASTM C1609/C1609M-19a beam tests at net deflections of L/600 and L/150, with results reported as f600D and f150D. In European practice, EN 14651:2005+A1:2007 uses crack mouth opening displacement values of 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm to derive fR1k and fR3k. The fiber contribution at these deflections depends on the number of fibers bridging the crack, fiber orientation, and fiber-matrix friction, not on fiber tensile strength alone. Direct substitution for steel fiber by mass is therefore not valid; design must be based on the specific post-crack performance class of the production concrete mixture. For a 150 mm thick slab at 4.0 kg/m³, the fiber count per unit volume is higher than steel fiber at 15 kg/m³, but the lower elastic modulus of polypropylene means deflection control remains governed by the underlying concrete compressive and flexural stiffness.
The following standards form the minimum incoming inspection set for projects specifying the SikaFiber Enduro Mirage as a macro synthetic structural fiber. Batch certificates should provide all supplier-declared values in addition to the referenced test methods.
| Characteristic | Standard or test method | Typical acceptance basis |
|---|---|---|
| Fiber classification as polymer macrofibre | EN 14889-2:2006 | Class II |
| Synthetic fiber concrete classification | ASTM C1116/C1116M-10a | Type III synthetic fiber |
| Monofilament tensile strength | ASTM D7508/D7508M-20 | Supplier-declared minimum in MPa |
| Concrete post-crack flexural performance | ASTM C1609/C1609M-19a | Report f600D and f150D |
| Notched beam residual strength | EN 14651:2005+A1:2007 | Report fR1k and fR3k |
| Shotcrete panel energy absorption | ASTM C1550-20 | Report J at specified displacement |
| Sprayed concrete specification | EN 14487-1 | Ductility class by flexural panel test |
| Workability and consistency | EN 12350-2:2019 | Slump class or target slump |
| Factory production control | ISO 9001:2015 | Batch certificate retained |
Field verification should include fiber dosage by weight per cubic metre and residual flexural toughness on production concrete, because batch-to-batch variability in aggregate shape, cement fineness, and air content can shift post-crack performance even when fiber dosage remains constant. Incoming inspection should also verify fiber length, equivalent diameter, collation integrity, and tensile strength on a sufficient sample size; batch release documentation that only reports polymer type without mechanical testing is insufficient for structural applications.
Polypropylene softens and melts near 160 °C to 165 °C; above that temperature, the fiber no longer bridges cracks and its contribution to flexural toughness is lost. Fire-resistance designs should not rely on macro synthetic reinforcement unless the design temperature remains below the polymer melting threshold or residual structural function is transferred to conventional reinforcement. The fibers are chemically stable in alkaline concrete, do not react with calcium hydroxide or chloride ions, and do not promote corrosion. However, the polymer is susceptible to oxidative degradation under prolonged exposure to strong oxidizing acids, aromatic solvents, or sustained temperatures above 100 °C in the presence of oxygen. Unprotected fiber should be stored below 50 °C, away from direct sunlight and volatile hydrocarbon sources, to preserve collation integrity and surface friction. The product is not a replacement for continuous tensile reinforcement, prestressing steel, or structural crack-width reinforcement in beams and columns; it functions only as distributed discontinuous reinforcement in the cracked concrete matrix. The product is also not a substitute for dedicated micro polypropylene fibers specified for fire spalling mitigation under EN 1992-1-2, because the diameter and dosage for spalling resistance are different from those used for macro synthetic structural fiber applications.
